We started sending free nanolinter® specimen(samples) to industrialists.
Nanolinter IMAGE UNDER TEM (TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOBE) 250.000 MAGNIFICATION
Nanolinter® is a nano-sized, linter based product that is
developed for a producing an advanced technology material with consultancy of
Yıldız Technical University, Chemistry- Metallurgy Faculty. Patent applications
have been done for the Nanolinter® and feasibility studies are going to be
started with the demands of industry.
Nanocrystalline cellulose is a material which has got
increasing interest for researches, productions and applications.
Nanocrystalline cellulose can be used as reinforcement material in sectors like
composites, drugs, cosmetics, chemical, materials, polymer,rheology and paintings. Nanolinter® is
producing with linter that is very abundant in Turkey and has got Industrial
symbiosis benefits
Nanocrystalline
cellulose is a kind of nanomaterial that has got tens of nanometers width and
hundreads of nanometers length and produced with the method of acid hydrolysis
of amporphous structures of cellulose for isolating crystalline domains. Flax, hemp,
coconout, banana plants and processed materials like paper pulp and
microcrystalline cellulose are the common sources for producing nanocrystalline
cellulose.
Aspect
ratio, is a unitless number that definites length/width ratio of nanocrystallites.
Nanocrystalline cellulose can have aspect ratio values between 1-100 respect to
their production source [1]. As that can be seen in Table 1, resources effects the
final product directly. Also crystal sizes effects the mechanical behaviour of
composites directly, too.
Table 1.
Comparasion of length and width values of nanocrystalline celluloses from
different sources [2]
Source
|
Length [nm]
|
Width [nm]
|
Bacterial Sources
|
100-1000
|
10-50
|
100-1000
|
5-10 x
30-50
|
|
Cotton
|
100-150
|
5-10
|
70-170
|
7
|
|
200-300
|
8
|
|
255
|
15
|
|
150-210
|
5-11
|
|
Cotton Linter
|
100-200
|
10-20
|
25-320
|
6-70
|
|
300-500
|
15-30
|
|
Microcrystalline Cellulose
|
35-265
|
3-48
|
250-270
|
23
|
|
500
|
10
|
|
Ramie
|
150-250
|
6-8
|
50-150
|
5-10
|
|
Sisal
|
100-500
|
3-5
|
150-280
|
3,5-6,5
|
|
Tunicate
|
-
|
8,8 x
18,2
|
1160
|
16
|
|
500-1000
|
10
|
|
1000-3000
|
15-30
|
|
100-1000
|
15
|
|
1073
|
28
|
|
Valonia
|
>1000
|
10-20
|
Soft Wood
|
200-200
|
3-4
|
100-150
|
4-5
|
|
Hard Wood
|
140-150
|
4-5
|
In our works, lignocellulosic and
cotton plant derived linter and paper pulp were used as resource of
nanocrystalline cellulose production. In Table 2, crystalline sizes that
produced from treatment of cellulosic raw materials with sulfuric acid are
given.
Tablo 2. TEM Analysis linked crystalline sizes
of the nanocrystalline cellulose specimens that are derived from different
sources
NCC from Linter
|
NCC from Long Cut Paper Pulp
|
NCC from Short Cut Paper Pulp
|
||||||
Length
[nm]
|
Diameter [nm]
|
Length [nm]
|
Diameter [nm]
|
Length [nm]
|
Diameter [nm]
|
|||
108,43
|
2,92
|
94,72
|
12,16
|
181,25
|
31,32
|
|||
160,74
|
2,97
|
104,41
|
13,21
|
193,56
|
44,44
|
|||
174,99
|
3,11
|
127,99
|
16,71
|
224,99
|
46,02
|
|||
188,75
|
3,23
|
173,12
|
17,23
|
318,8
|
54,41
|
|||
202,3
|
3,32
|
177,74
|
20,68
|
364,34
|
55,55
|
|||
205,75
|
6
|
188,79
|
25,07
|
386,73
|
66,32
|
|||
208,12
|
6,76
|
208,74
|
430,48
|
66,66
|
||||
214,78
|
7,88
|
326,1
|
66,66
|
|||||
216,91
|
9,01
|
447,53
|
80,88
|
|||||
232,09
|
16,33
|
87,64
|
||||||
234,77
|
58,91
|
88,88
|
||||||
240,93
|
61,45
|
88,88
|
||||||
240,98
|
64,69
|
89,26
|
||||||
251,91
|
64,69
|
111,1
|
||||||
253,84
|
67,16
|
|||||||
253,93
|
71,44
|
|||||||
266,18
|
75,19
|
|||||||
269,45
|
75,73
|
|||||||
274,37
|
77,99
|
|||||||
278,84
|
||||||||
Mean Values
|
223,903
|
35,72526
|
205,46
|
17,51
|
300,0214
|
69,85857
|
||
Length/Diameter Values
|
||||||||
Smallest Length/Smallest Diameter
|
95,49315068
|
36,80345395
|
13,74457216
|
|||||
Smallest Length/Biggest Diameter
|
1,39030645
|
7,789473684
|
1,631413141
|
|||||
Biggest Length/Biggest Diameter
|
3,575330171
|
17,85121659
|
3,874707471
|
|||||
Biggest Length/Smallest Diameter
|
37,13356164
|
7,789473684
|
5,787037037
|
|||||
Mean Length/Mean Diameter
|
6,267357612
|
11,73386636
|
4,29469745
|
|||||
Compatibility between results of
our works and related literature can be easily seen from Table 2. Aspect ratio
values are also given in Table 2.
Table 3. Comparasion of mechanical properties of nanocrystalline
cellulose and industrial fibers [1]
Material
|
Density [g/cm3]
|
Tensile Strength [GPa]
|
Kevlar 49 Fiber
|
1,1-1,4
|
3,5
|
Karbon Fiber
|
2,5
|
3,5-4,5
|
Steel Wire
|
7,8
|
4,1
|
Carbon Nano Tube
|
2,1
|
11-73
|
Glass Fiber
|
2,6
|
4,8
|
Nanocrystalline Cellulose
|
1,6
|
7,5-7,7
|
Composite materials are the major
application area of nanocrystalline cellulose. Nanocrystalline cellulose is
more strengthful material than steel with 145 GPa elasticity modulus and more
stiffer than aluminium with 7,5 GPa tensile strength but also less dense
material than others [1]. As it can be seen in Table
3, density values of nanocrystalline cellulose is close to the Kevlar fiber but
nanocrystalline cellulose has got two times better mechanical properties.
Nanocrystalline cellulose is much stregthful and less dense material compared
to common fibers that are use in composites and also more renewable material
than its closest rival “carbon nano tube”.
Table 4. Comparasion of mechanical behaviour of nanocrystalline
cellulose reinforced composites [3]
Matrix
|
NCC-Source
and Size [Dia.,
Len. [nm]]
|
%NCC [wt %]
|
Increase
on Young Modulus [%]
|
Increase
onTensile Strength [%]
|
Increase
on Elongation at Brake [%]
|
Polyethylene
Oxide
|
Bacterial
[11, 420]
|
0-0,4
|
139,9
|
72,3
|
-233,3
|
Polyacrylic
Acid
|
Cotton
|
0-20
|
7633,9
|
5658,6
|
-99,9
|
Polyethylene
Oxide
|
MCC [10,
112]
|
0-20
|
392,1
|
240,8
|
-37,5
|
Cotton
[5-10, 40-100]
|
0-20
|
190,5
|
377,5
|
-33,5
|
|
Tunicate
[20, 2000]
|
0-15
|
98,8
|
-
|
-
|
|
Polyvinyl
alcohol
|
Ramie [3-10, 100-250]
|
0-15
|
270,9
|
-
|
-
|
Polycaprolactone
|
Ramie [3-10, 100-250]
|
0-7,5
|
64,3
|
37,2
|
49,0
|
Polystyrene
|
Paper
[10-20, 200]
|
0-9
|
60
|
-
|
-
|
Polymethyl
methacrylate
|
Bacterial
[15-20, 300-8μm]
|
0-20
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Wood
[17, 190-660]
|
0-41
|
17
|
30,2
|
-1,4
|
|
Polylactic
acid
|
MCC [92,
124]
|
0-10
|
37
|
30,2
|
-1,4
|
EVOH
|
Bacterial
[30 nm]
|
0-8
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Polylactic
acid
|
Cotton
|
0-12,5
|
-
|
161,9
|
-
|
Silk
|
Wood
bark [25-40, 400-500]
|
0-4
|
300,3
|
208,0
|
-55,6
|
In Table 4 effects of different
sources like cotton, ramie and MCC derived nanocrystalline cellulose reinforced
matrixes like polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol on
mechanical properties has been monitored.
As it can be seen on related table nanocrystalline cellulose gives
advanced mechanical properties to reinforced material.
Nanocrystalline cellulose has got
exiting and potential application areas like paper, painting, building, and
aerospace materials, food and drug additives because of its advanced mechanical
properties and biocompatible, biodegredable, bio-soluble renewable and chemically
modifiedable structure.
1. Peresin, M.S., A mini-review on properties of nanocrystalline cellulose and its
potential applications. Revista Investigaciones Aplicadas, 2013. 7(2): p. 58-73.
2. Habibi, Y., L.A.
Lucia, and O.J. Rojas, Cellulose
nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chemical reviews,
2010. 110(6): p. 3479-3500.
3. Zhou, C. and Q.
Wu, Recent development in applications of
cellulose nanocrystals for advanced polymer-based nanocomposites by novel
fabrication strategies. 2012: INTECH Open Access Publisher.
ABOUT US
Nanolinter® is a nano-sized, linter based product that is developed for a producing an advanced technology material with consultancy of Yıldız Technical University, Chemistry- Metallurgy Faculty. Patent applications have been done for the Nanolinter® and feasibility studies are going to be started with the demands of industry.
Intellectual and Industrial Property Rigths Noticement
Production method of Nanolinter® is protected with the
application to European Patent Office (EPO) at 04.02.2016. (legal protection
covers 38 countries)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images in this
website is belongs to website owner according to laws. Situations like copying
and sharing at other medias are defined as a crime at law for whatever reason it might be.
for detailed information : info@nanolinter.com
No comments:
Post a Comment